Ming的部落格

will
1.  未來式的助動詞 - [將要]的意思 = be going to
     They will get married next year.
     They are going to get married next year
 
2.  表禮貌的請求
     Will you please give me some hints?
 
P/S  will 當一般動詞時表 [願意] 之意
       e.g.  I'm not willing to do this. (我不想(沒有意願)做這件事) 
              No one wills to come. (沒人想來)
 
 
would
 
1.  will 的過去式
     Mother said that she would buy me that car. (媽之前說要買那台車給我)
 
2.  禮貌的請求 (比will常用)
     Would you please bring me some Chinese food?
 
3.  過去常做的動作 = used to
     When I was a kid, my father would take me to work with him.
 = When I was a kid, my father used to take me to work with him.
 

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補充句型
 
would rather... than  -  寧可 / 表優先的意願
e.g.  I would rather go to a movie tonight than study at home
        I would rather not call you
 
Would you mind + Ving / Would you mind if i Ved  你介意~~~?
e.g.  Would you mind making the dinner tonight?
        Would you mind if i didn' t come home tonight?
 
would like to 想要~ 禮貌的說法 = want to
e.g.  I would like (to buy) 2 tickets, please.
     =I want (to buy) 2 tickets, please.
 
 

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助動詞的部分到這裡大致告一個段落
參考書籍:  補習班講義
               Understanding And Using English Grammar (by Betty Schrampfer Azar)
 
 
 
 

must
 
1.  表必要性: [必要] = have to (語氣上沒有must強)
     I must go now.
   =I have to go now.
 
否定: must not / don't (doesn't) have to
過去式: had to (有的老師會說must沒有過去式)
 
2.   表推測:  [必定]
      You must be thirsty now, drink some water
 

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句型補充
 
must have + pp - 過去某人(事)ㄧ定是怎麼了
e.g.  You just have been eaten too much.
        He didn't come.  He must have forgotten it.
 
had better + V - 最好~~
常與主詞縮寫 (I'd better, You'd better, He'd better...)
e.g.  You'd better finish your homework, or you won't get any grade.
       You'd better go to bed now, because you need to get up early tomorrow
 
 

Should
 
1.  表建議: [應該~]的意思　＝　ought to　＝　had better (語氣較　should & ought to　為強烈)
                e.g.  We have to get up early tomorrow, we should go to bed now.
                      =We have to get up early tomorrow, we ought to go to bed now (聽起來文謅謅的, 但文法上是ok的) 
                      =We have to get up early tomorrow, we had better go to bed now. 
 
2.  表期待:  [應該~]的意思
                 e.g.  She should be in the test.
                        This should be enough for us.
 

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補充句型
 
should + have + pp - 該做而沒做
e.g.  I should have spent more time to study.  I didn' t do well on my test/
 
 
shouldn't + have + pp - 不該做而做了
e.g.  You shouldn't have left her. (But you did.)
 

Proverbs 19:21  There are many plans in a man's heart,
                       Nevertheless the Lord's counsel - that will stand
                
                 22  What is desired in a man is kindness,
                       And a poor man is better than a liar.
                
                 23  The fear of the Lord leads to life,
                       And he who has it will abide in satisfaction;
                       He will not be visited with evil.
 
                 24  A lazy man buries his hand in the bowl,
                      And will not so much as bring it to his mouth again.
 
                 25  Strike a scoffer, and the simple will become wary;
                       Rebuke one who as understanding, and he will discern knowledge.
 
                 26  He who mistreats his father and chases away his mother
                      Is a son who causes shame and brings reproach.
 
                 27  Cease listening to instruction, my son,
                      And you will stray from the words of knowledge.
 
                 28  A disreputable witness scorns justice,
                      And the mouth of the wicked devours iniquity.
 
                 29  Judgments are prepared for scoffers,
                       And beatings for the backs of fools.
 
 
 

Proverbs 19:11  The discretion of a man makes him slow to anger,
                       And his glory is to overlook a transgression.
               
                  12  The king's wrath is like the roaring of a lion,
                        But his favor is like dew on the grass.
          
                  13  A foolish son is the ruin of his father
                        And the contentions of a wife are a continual dripping
 
                  14  Houses and riches are an inheritance from fathers,
                       But a prudent wife is from the Lord
 
                  15  Laziness casts one into a deep sleep,
                       And an idle person will suffer hunger.
 
                  16  He who keeps the commandment keeps his soul,
                       But he who is careless of his ways will die.
 
                  17  He who has pity on the poor lends to the Lord,
                       And He will pay back what he has given
 
                  18  Chasten your son while there is hope,
                       And do not set your heart on his destruction.
 
                  19  A man of great wrath will suffer punishment;
                       For if you rescue him, you will have to do it again,
 
                  20  Listen to counsel and receive instruction,
                       That you may be wise in your latter days.
                 

昨天晚上睡覺前讀的
整篇都很讚
分成幾次跟大家分享好了
 
Ｐorv  19:1  Better is the poor who walks in his integrity
                 Than one who is perverse in his lips, and is a fool.
 
              2  Also it is not good for a soul to be without knowledge,  [a double negative sentence]
                  And he sins who hastens with his feet.
 
              3  The foolishness of a man twists his way,
                  And his heart frets against the Lord
 
              4  Wealth makes many friends,
                  But the poor is separated from his friend.
 
              5  A false witness will not go unpunished [a double negative sentence]
                  And he who speaks lies will not escape
 
              6  Many entreat the favor of the nobility,
                  And every man is a friend to one who gives gifts
 
              7  All the brothers of the poor hate him;
                  How much more do his friends go far from him!
                  He may pursue them with words, yet they abandon him;
 
              8  He who get wisdom loves his own soul;
                  He who keeps understanding will find good.
 
              9  A false witness will not go unpunished, [a double negative sentence]
                  And he who speaks lies shall perish
 
            10  Luxury is not fitting for a fool,
                  Much less for a servant to rule over princes.
              
 

May / Might
 
May
1.  表禮貌的請求
     May I use your pen?
     May I use your phone?
2.  表允許
     You may sit (你可以坐下了)
     You may leave (你可以離開了)
3.  表可能性
     She may be in her room.
     Tom may come.
4.  表祝福
     May you have a wonderful married life.
     May your kingdom come.
 
Might
1.  表可能性 (可能性比 May, Could 低)
     They might come again.
     She might be sick. (有人說She may be sick.  但很少人會說She could be sick.)
 
 
May / Might / Could
It may happen. - 猜測性質的可能
It might happen. - 猜測性質的可能
It could happen. - 發生機率的可能, 通常使用這個字時, 會讓人與 [機率] 發生聯想
 
如剛說的:很少人會說She could be sick.
但很常聽到: You could get sick by eating this.
 
 
我的建議:
May / might - 中文解釋成 [有可能]
She may / might be sick. - 她有可能是生病 OK
You may / might get sick by eating this. - 你有可能因為吃這個而生病  OK
Could - 中文解釋 [有可能會]
She could be sick- 她有可能會是生病 NG
You could get sick by eating this. - 你有可能會因為吃這個而生病 OK
 
P/S  BE動詞  一般表[存在的事實], 在中文解釋成 [是 / 在]
      e.g.  I'm Ming.  我是Ming
             She is beautiful.  她是美麗的
             He is in Taipei.  他(是)在台北
 
不知道我這麼解釋有沒有幫助呢?
 

那天同學問了幾個問題, 我才了解到(can, could, should, will, would, may, might, must )對你們來說是造成你們相當困擾的幾個字, 其實[青*]的文法講義有講到喔~
 
can / could
1.  表能力   can = be able to
                I can speak English - 我會說英文, 我有說英文的能力
                I can drive - 我會開車, 我有開車的能力
　　　　　Ｉcan swim - 我會游泳, 我有游泳的能力
2.  表許可  can = may (may 比較有禮貌)
                You can come in - 你可以進來, 你被允許進入
                You can turn in next week- 你可以(被允許)下週再交
3.  表請求 
                Can I come in?
                Mom, Can you open the door, please?
could - 談到機率時, 表示比較小的可能性
               e.g.  He could be there at the moment - 那個時間他有可能在那裡
    could - 表建議
               If she is not at home, you could try calling her at the office
 
 

有人問這樣的問題
同學們, 告訴我爲什麼?
大聲的說, 拜託!
 
S + V  -- 英文的基本句形
 
Be 動詞也是 [動詞] 的一種
一個最簡單的句形一定要有  主詞 + 動詞
這是一個英文文法的 rule, 你要說 law 我也不反對
 
會問這樣的問題
還有一個心態上的癥結需要自己去解開
[語言]  本身就是一個文化與歷史的產物,
很多時候很難用  [爲什麼]  的邏輯來歸納學習重點給同學們
[文法]  只是輔助我們學習語言的一個工具
不管是任何語言, 學到一個階段後, 你一定都會發現 [例外] 好多
 
我還是會說, 最重要的是讓自己習慣
讓自己習慣的方法就是  用心聽, 用心讀
 
 
Good Luck!

"no nonsense"
不會沒有意義的
 
這樣的字彙組合在英文裡面叫做  double negative (雙重否定)
簡單的說就是  [負負得正]
 
我個人不建議在寫作時使用, 除非真得不知該怎麼寫了
因為近年來美國街頭文化的盛行  不在乎文法結構的會話方式  常會讓正在學習英文的人搞得一頭霧水
e.g.  ****, now everything's gone.  I have no money, I have no job.......I have no nothing
以上的句子很常在電影中聽到
I have no nothing, 以文法的規則來看應該解釋成  我還有一點東西
不過, 現在你只要聽到這一句話, 你要知道, 它指的是  我ㄧ無所有
 
我個人提供的分辨法則:
因為 "no nonsense" 你是在文法書{正式的文書}中看到的 - 用雙重否定來解釋是正確的
若你是在一般對話中(非正式)聽到的, 要稍微聽一下上下文來決定
 
所以, 除非你對 double negative 的各類句型都很熟悉了, 否則我還是建議大家不要在會影響分數的作業或考試中使用
 
 
 
 
預告:  過兩天有時間, 有心情的時候  我會再整理一些 may, can, would, should 等這類助動詞的東西, 所以過兩天, 可再回來看看, 有問題也可以先問, 我順便把它整理起來